For the third topic for English for Language Teachers, I learned about morphology. During the lecture, we had learned about free and bound morphemes, derivational morpheme, inflectional morpheme, allomorphs, word structure and word formation processes.
The first subtopic that we had learnt is morpheme. The morpheme is the minimal unit of grammatical analysis. There are two types of morphemes which are free and bound morpheme.
| Types of Morpheme | Meaning | Examples |
| Free Morpheme | A word or morpheme that can stand on its own and has grammatical function. | walk, sit, happy, kind, write |
| Bound Morpheme | The word or a morpheme which is unable to function as a free standing word. | pre, un, ness, ation, ible |
The next subtopic is about derivational and inflectional morphemes and allomorphs. Inflectional morphemes can either give further information about the grammatical information to the other morphemes they combine with. Derivational morpheme is an affix used to change form and meaning from a lexical point with a change in part of speech. Examples of derivational and inflectional morphemes are:
| Inflectional Morphemes | |
| Morphemes | Example |
| They are only found in suffixes in English. | walked, Stefi's, girls |
| No change of meaning | toy vs toys |
| Never change the syntactic category of the words or morpheme to they which they are attached. They are always attached to completed words | boy vs boys (N --> N) |
| Derivational Morphemes | |
| Morphemes | Example |
| They can be both suffixes and prefixes in English. | |
| Change of Meaning | un + do (the opposite meaning of ‘do’) sing + er (deriving a new word with the meaning of a person who sings). |
| Change of the syntactic category (optionally) | Noun to Adjective boy + ish > boyish Verb to Noun sing + er > singer Adjective to Adverb quiet + ly > quietly Noun to Verb moral + ize >moralize Adjective to Noun specific+ ity >specificity |
Next, is the subtopic on allomorphs. Allomorphs refer to a variant of a morpheme. The next subtopic that we learnt is word structure and word formation processes. Words can be formed or expanded by various morphological processes such as affixation, compounding, reduplication, clipping, acronym and other minor processes such as blending, onomatopoeias and antonomasia.
As for the tutorial task for this topic, we were required to prepare language games on word formation. The language game that we prepared can include compound words, stems and affixes. Our group had prepared a game named “Word Chain”. This game required the students to form a word based on the last letter of the word formed before in a group of eight people. From the games that we carried out, we find that all the students can participate in the games actively. Everyone will get the chance to think and form word and work cooperate in group to make sure that they can win the game. Although the allocation of time given to each group is quite limited can make them to think more critically, at the same time also make them do not have idea in forming word.
To conclude, I find this topic very interesting and meaningful to me. From the detailed explanation and notes given by our lecturer, I really understand this topic well. The activity conducted during this topic also gives me an opportunity to create another creative way to make teaching and learning process more interesting and enjoyable. I hope that I can use this experience to help me in my future teaching.
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